What does the molecular formula indicate?

The molecular formula accurately reflects the actual number of atoms of each element present in a compound. For instance, the molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6, which indicates that each molecule of glucose consists of six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms. This formula provides a clear representation of the composition of the compound, allowing for a precise understanding of its molecular structure and how it may behave in chemical reactions.

In contrast to the molecular formula, the empirical formula would provide the simplest whole-number ratio of the elements, while structural formulas detail the specific arrangement of atoms and how they are bonded. The physical properties of a compound, such as boiling point, melting point, and solubility, are influenced by but not directly conveyed by the molecular formula itself. Thus, the essence of what a molecular formula communicates is the actual count of each type of atom in a molecule, which is crucial for understanding the identity and functionality of the compound in various chemical contexts.