What is a redox reaction?

A redox reaction, short for reduction-oxidation reaction, is characterized by the transfer of electrons between substances. In these reactions, one substance undergoes oxidation, which involves the loss of electrons, while another substance undergoes reduction, which entails the gain of electrons. This transfer of electrons is key to many chemical processes and is fundamental in various fields such as electrochemistry, biological systems, and energy production.

For example, in the reaction between zinc and copper sulfate, zinc is oxidized as it loses electrons, while copper ions are reduced as they gain electrons. This electron transfer is what distinguishes redox reactions from other types of chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions that primarily involve proton exchange. Understanding this concept is crucial for analyzing and predicting the behavior of elements and compounds in chemical reactions.