What is solvation?

Solvation refers to the process in which solvent molecules surround solute particles, effectively interacting with them to form a solution. This interaction involves attractive forces between the solvent molecules and the solute particles, which can be ions, molecules, or other entities. In the case of ionic compounds, for example, when they dissolve in water, the water molecules surround the individual ions, stabilizing them in solution and allowing them to separate from the solid structure. This process is crucial for the solubility of substances and plays a key role in various chemical reactions and biological processes.

Understanding solvation is vital because it influences properties such as boiling and freezing points, conductivity, and reactivity of solutions. The effectiveness of solvation can depend on several factors, including the nature of the solvent and solute, temperature, and pressure.