Which of the following is an example of a reaction that can be affected by limiting factors?

The chemical synthesis of ammonia is a classic example of a reaction that can be affected by limiting factors, particularly in the context of the Haber process, which is used to produce ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases.

In this synthesis, the reaction is represented by the equation:

N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) ⇌ 2NH₃(g).

The rates at which nitrogen and hydrogen are provided to the reaction are crucial in determining the maximum yield of ammonia. If one of these reactants is present in excess, the other reactant will be the limiting factor, meaning that its availability will limit the amount of product (NH₃) that can be formed. Therefore, controlling the amounts of these reactants is essential for maximizing production efficiency.

In contrast, reactions such as water freezing or substances dissolving in water are not commonly influenced by the same limiting factors in terms of reactant availability. Freezing and dissolving are phase changes or solvation processes that proceed under different sets of conditions (like temperature and pressure) rather than being limited by the amounts of specific reactants in a reaction. Electrolysis involves a different mechanism where an electric current is used to drive a non-spontaneous reaction, and while it can be limited